• To check current aliases list: alias
• To check an existing alias: alias ALIAS_NAME
• To add new alias: alias COMMAND_SHORTCUT = ‘LONG_COMMAND’ [example: alias apacheReload = '/etc/init.d/apache2 reload''']
• To remove an existing alias: unalias ALIAS_NAME
• Learn more about alias at Wikipedia, Bash Man Page for Alias

Symbolic Links: This is actually my favorite. Does not depend on current shell session. FYI. each command is actually an executable script.

• To create a shortcut for all users, create a soft symbolic link of the executable script in /usr/local/bin. For example, to execute apache related commands using just apache, issue this command
  ln -s /etc/init.d/apache2 /usr/local/bin/apache #this command will create a soft symbolic link of apache2 in /usr/local/bin directory. Now you can just manage apache by using apache command.
• To create a shortcut only for current user, create a soft symbolic link of the executable script in $HOME/bin

Using your own shell scripts: This requires understanding of shell scripting. You can create a shell script which essentially provide the full ability to create new system commands. Make the script executable, keep it in home directory.

I hope it helps some one. Please use the comment section to provide your feedback.

1. First make sure your hosting supports Python. Now a days almost all shared hosting providers support Python.
2. Find your python installation location, this is required for “shebang” line added at the top of your python script. Usually this is /usr/bin/python or /usr/local/bin/python
3. Make sure to include two print statements which will print the content-type and an empty line.
4. Now put the script in cgi-bin directory inside your root public folder, usually public_html
5. Change the permission of the script to 0755
6. Try to browse now

Example, hello.py:

#! /usr/bin/python

print ‘Content-type: text/html’
print ”
print ‘Hello, World!’

Now look at the top of hello.py script, you will notice the ‘shebang’ is #! /usr/bin/python.And also the first two print statements

Now its little bit annoying to put all python scripts inside that cgi-bin directory. So heres what you will need to do to run a python script inside any directory…

1. Make an empty .htaccss file inside the directory you want to drop your python scripts. (Just open the existing .htaccess file, make sure you have enabled ‘Show Hidden Files’ in cPanel File Manager or in your favorite FTP manager)
2. Add the following two lines and save.

Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .py

Tips:

1. You will get 500 error if anything goes wrong.
2. Make sure to clear your cache, when you modify any settings/content
3. And there is always the nice people waiting for you in hosting support section, try them

I hope it helps. Let me know your comment

Restoring volume icon is different in Ubuntu 9.10 or later versions.

So if you are in Ubuntu 9.04 or earlier,

1. Right click on the panel and click ‘Add to Panel’

2. Find Sound/Volume

3. Add it.

And if you are in Ubuntu 9.10 or later like me

1. Right click on the panel and click on Add to Panel

2. Find ‘Notification Area’ and add it. (IN case you have already have a notification area added like me, you can skip this step).

3. Right click near Notification Area

4. Find ‘Indicator Applet’ and add it.

By any chance if the above method does not work for you, you can restore your gnome panel by applying following commands in your terminal.

rm -f ~/.gconf/apps/panel
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

Partial credit for this post: Ubuntu Forum

Let me know if you have any problem figuring this

Here are the links:

Make your own bootable Windows 7 Flash Drive

• Recommended: http://kmwoley.com/blog/?p=345
• Without using any additional software: http://maketecheasier.com/boot-and-install-windows-7-from-usb-flash-drive/2009/01/23
• With Microsoft provided software: http://store.microsoft.com/help/iso-tool]http://store.microsoft.com/help/iso-tool (only 2.6 MB)
• Using 3rd party software: http://maketecheasier.com/updated-boot-and-install-windows-7-from-usb-flash-drive/2009/09/ (only 6.7 MB)

Make bootable Ubuntu using Flash Drive

Actually this is very much easy, and same for all distro. all are free n opensource.

• Universal USB Installer
• UNetbootin

I hope it helps, if you need any help, let me know.

Running sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk will produce the following error

Package sun-java6-jre is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
E: Package sun-java6-jdk has no installation candidate

Same error will be produced if you want to install Sun JAVA JRE.

To solve the issue, you have to switch back to Ubuntu Lucid distribution temporarily. After installing JDK/JRE switch back to original Ubuntu Maverick distro again.

1. System->Administrator->Synaptic Package Manager

2. Settings->Repositories

3. Other Softwares

4. Select Canonical Partners, click Edit, change Distribution to lucid, click OK

5. Repeat step 4 for Canonical Partner (Source Code)

6. Hit Reload

Now try to install Sun Java JDK/JRE

Don’t forget to change back to original distribution Maverick following the same steps once you are done.

Tips credit: Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meercat and Sun JRE

If you need any help, have any query please use the comment form below

And here is the link I got, its quite good. http://www.icurtain.co.uk/getset.php, It saved my time.

Look at the following code:

 
 
 
Authorization Failed
 
Without a valid username and password,
    access to this page cannot be granted.
    Please click 'reload' and enter a
    username and password when prompted.
 
 
 ";

if (!isset($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']) || $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']!==$site_user || $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW']!==$site_pass)
   {
       header("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"Protected Page: Enter your username and password for access.\"");
       header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
       exit($failure_msg);
   }

?>

For each page, you want to authenticate user, each page must have the above code. You can save this code to a script (for example auth.php) and include auth.php to any page, hence save yourself from rewriting the code for each page.