this and super both are object. this() and super() both are constructors.

this is the object of current class.

this() is the constructor of current class.

super is the object of parent class.

super() is the constructor of parent class.

Example (in java) please check out this nice example provided in this link

I hope this will save someone’s day

And here is the link I got, its quite good. http://www.icurtain.co.uk/getset.php, It saved my time.

I couldn’t find a complete list. Then I found this site, Aneki World Cities. Then I designed a scrapper using PHP, and scrapped all the countries first, then their respective cities list, then respective geographical location. Then end result was a table in the database with all countries, respective cities and locations

As I have only compiled the database, the information aren’t mine, so I have decided to make the table publicly available. You can download the zip file here: World Cities Locations (The zip file contains 4 types of file for same content. SQL, CSV, CSV for MS EXCEL, MS EXCEL 2000. All of them are exported from MySQL using phpMyAdmin)

The sql file contains the schema to reproduce the location table in your designated database (assuming you are using mysql database engine. If you aren’t, you can easily convert the sql schema ).

The table has in 10,567 rows (means 10,567 unique cities, their locations and 170 countries).

The table has 5 fields, id, country, city, latitude, longitude, altitude. From their name, I hope you can understand their significance.

The table can be used in different ways:

• Getting all countries of the world (170 countries): SELECT DISTINCT(country) FROM location
• Getting all cities of a country: SELECT city FROM location WHERE country = 'YOUR_COUNTRY_NAME_HERE'
• Getting the location of a specific city of a specific country:
  SELECT latitude,longitude,altitude FROM location WHERE country='COUNTRY_NAME' AND city = 'CITY_NAME'

I hope this small contribution to the open world helps all. You can use the content in location based applications, finding a city easily in map services etc.

Look at the following code:

 
 
 
Authorization Failed
 
Without a valid username and password,
    access to this page cannot be granted.
    Please click 'reload' and enter a
    username and password when prompted.
 
 
 ";

if (!isset($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']) || $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']!==$site_user || $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW']!==$site_pass)
   {
       header("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"Protected Page: Enter your username and password for access.\"");
       header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
       exit($failure_msg);
   }

?>

For each page, you want to authenticate user, each page must have the above code. You can save this code to a script (for example auth.php) and include auth.php to any page, hence save yourself from rewriting the code for each page.

Do you need to write your first thesis paper or do you want your publication published in a famous journal?

So LaTeX is for you. LaTeX is a document preparation system for high-quality typesetting based on Donald E. Knuth’s TeX typesetting language or certain extensions. It is most often used for medium-to-large technical or scientific documents but it can be used for almost any form of publishing.

Well, definitely *NIX systems have built-in latex support, but in windows you need to set it up for yourself. As few monthes ago I have started writting my first thesis paper using latex and for some reason I have used windows system, I need to setup latex environment in windows. Definitely a annoying, time consuming task, So I have decided to share it

I am going to describe it step by step, please follow these steps as described, its important. I am assuming you have Windows XP or later versions and you have administrative privilege.

Step 1:: Setting Up Environment

• Right-click on the “My computer” icon and choose Properties. Select the “Advanced” tab.Then click on “Environment Variables”.
• Create a “user variable” called “DICTDIR” with value “c:\usr\local\lib“. [ To create a new user variable, just hit "New" under "User variables for <System User Name> or to edit an existing one just hit Edit ]
• Create a “user variable” called “HOME” with value “c:\“
• Create a “System variable” under “System variables” called “Path” with the value c:\program files\emacs\bin;c:\program files\MiKTeX 2.7\miktex\bin;c:\program files\ghostgum\ghostview\gsview\;c:\usr\local\bin;c:\program files\ghostgum\gs\gs8.51\lib;c:\program files\ghostgum\gs\gs8.51\bin [There is a huge possibility that this variable is already there. In that case, just append the value]
• A restart of your system may be required.
• Run command prompt and type “set” to check if all these variables with their required values are set.

Step 2:: Required Software

• Download latest version of Emacsfrom here. Direct link: emacs-22.3-bin-i386.zip
• Download latest version of MikTeXfrom here. Direct link: basic-miktex-2.7.3164.exe
• Download latest version of Ghostscript from here. Direct link: gs863w32.exe
• Download latest version of GSview from here. Direct link: gsv49w32.exe
• Download latest version of AUCTeX from here. Direct link: auctex-11.85-e22.3-msw.zip
• Download .emacs from here

Step 3::Installation

• Put the .emacs file [you will get it after unzipping emacs.zip file] in C: [or your predefined HOME]
• As Local TexMF Tree, create a directory named “Local TeX Files” in C: [or your predefined HOME]
• Unzip emacs-22.3-bin-i386.zip to c:\program files\ . Rename the c:\program files\emacs-22.3 directory to c:\program files\emac. Run the file c:\program files\emacs\bin\addpm.exe.
• Unzip auctex-11.85-e22.3-msw.zip to c:\program files\emacs\site-lisp.  Rename c:\program files\emacs\site-lisp\auctex-11.85-e22 to c:\program files\emacs\site-lisp\auctex.
• Run gs863w32.exe. Choose c:\program files\ghostgum\gs as installation directory. Accept everything else.
• Run gsv49w32.exe. Choose c:\program files\ghostgum\ghostview as installation directory. Accept everything else.
• Run basic-miktex-2.7.3164.exe. When prompted for “Path to installation folder”, choose c:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.7. When prompted for “Create local TEXMF tree”, choose c:\Local TeX Files as “Path to root folder”. Accept everything else.

Step 4:: Opening Emacs in Latex Mode

• Type M-x latex-mode. As soon as you hit “Enter” after writing the command, you will notice “Command” and “LaTeX” menus.

Step 5:: Compiling Latex Files in Emacs

• Press C-c C-c <Return> to run latex.
• Press C-c C-l to view results of the compilation
• Press C-c C-c <Return> to run latex again
• Press C-c C-c <Return> to run latex again, again
• Press C-c C-c <Return> to run View. It will take a while to create fonts etc. the first time.
• Press C-c C-c FILE <Return> <Return> to run dvips (Note that the command is FILE and not Dvips as one might expect)
• Press C-c C-c Print <Return> <Return> to run GSview (Also somewhat misleading name)
• If you want to print the document, do it from GSview.

A million dollar secret, when you asked to do the following, use your brain

• C-c C-c = Hold CTRL while pressing c twice
• C-c C-l = Hold CTRL while pressing c, release c, While holding CTRL, press l (“ell”), release both
• M-x = Hold ALT while pressing x

And last but not the least, download Basic Latex Commands. This pdf file will help you to learn basic latex commands.

So start writting your thesis

But surely you can overcome this limitation.

When you download something from internet you get two links, one for the content you are going to download which we will call ‘URL’ or ‘download link’ and the other one is the ‘referrer link’ which is often the origin of requesting the file. Now for a definite page on a definite site, the referrer link is always same, but the download link changes based the download method the site uses.

To overcome the download limit, you have to use any download manager. A good choice would be Free Download Manager or Flashget. Both of them are free, easy to use and full of features.

First browse to the page from where you wish to download a file which is imposed a download time limitation. start downloading the file as you do in all cases. Now when the time is about exceed its limit, then browse the page once again. Save the URL of the page, it is your referrer link. Now click on the file link or start download icon or what ever you get in your case. When the download start, save the download link. If you have installed Free download manager or Flashget and their integration is enabled in your browser, a ADD URL dialoag box will open. from thet box just save the URL or download link.

Now back to the old download link again. If you are downloading the file, pause it. open the download item’s properties, you will get a dialogue box. Replace both the later saved URL and download link with the existing one. Click OK and resume download again.

I am using this trick successfully with flashget and free download manager. But I think, this method will work for all download managers and those sites allow downloading using download manager.

The reason behind the success of this trick is nothing but download managers normally work in append mode. When they download something, they search for a pre-existing complete / incomplete file. If the previous [assuming the file already exists and incomplete] and current file’s referrer links are the same, they assume them as same file and instead of opening a new file, they just start downloading from the last of the previous file and append the download content to the previous file.

Thanks to Rakib, my extra-ordinary genious classmate, who first brought this issue to my mind.

To make easier the job, you may wish to follow the following steps..

Step 1:: AND: With AND google tries to find all the words listed. By default google uses AND. So searching with

ask bahar your question    
or
ask AND bahar AND your AND question

will yield the same result.

Step 2::OR: With OR google will search for either of the terms/keywords. you may use ‘|‘ sign as OR instead of using the word “OR”. So if you search

blogspot | wordpress

you will get results on both blogspot and wordpress in the first page. If you are sure you want to include one term but also want to include a choice of other terms, you can group your search. For example, searching

Dhaka city (college | corporation)

will yield better result than searching the following.

Dhaka city | college | corporation

Step3::Minus: The minus will exclude terms from your search. For example, if you want to search the free download able music sites, try

download music -paid

which will show you only the free sites.

Step 4::” ” (Quotation Marks): if you want to search for an exact phrase [may be the title of a song] such as

"What Silence Said"

would show you the result about famous song of Susheela Raman.

Step 5::* Wildcard Search: You can use the * wildcard to replace any specific words you might have forgotten. For example assume that you were searching for one of Napoleon Bonaparte’s famous quotes “Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake.” What if you couldn’t remember all the words? Just search for

Never * your enemy when he is * a mistake

So without remembering anything, you can find everything!

Step 6::Search Free MP3: People leave music files in unprotected directories all of the time. Here’s how to get to them. If you properly query google, you can find open indexes of music files easily. Here are some hints to get you started.

-inurl:htm -inurl:html intitle:"index of" "Last modified" mp3

Using this string we are using the “index of” and the inurl commands to attempt to isolate directories only. The mp3 tag on the end tells google to look for mp3s in these open directories. You can change this to wma or ogg if you wish.
You can add additional search criteria to focus your search more.

-inurl:htm -inurl:html intitle:"index of" mp3 "System of Down"

This command will find open directories with mp3 files with System of Down. Obviously you can change the band name or file type to better define your search.

People upload songs to their private space, FTP space. You can have them by

What Silence Said public ftp

You can use other song title or singer name instead of What Silence Said

Step 7::Search Free Movies: Find those hidden directories just full of video files. This will search for avi, mpg, and wmv files. We’ll use the same trick to find open directories. This should find open directories full of video files.

-inurl:htm -inurl:html -inurl:asp intitle:"index of"
+(wmv|mpg|avi)

Just add additional search terms on the end if you want to focus your search. Say you wanted to find some Broune trilogy clips:

-inurl:htm -inurl:html -inurl:asp intitle:"index of"
+(wmv|mpg|avi) +bourne

If you want to focus your search further you can even add more and more search terms to limit it to directories:

-inurl:htm -inurl:html -inurl:asp intitle:"index of" +
(wmv|mpg|avi) +"parent directory"

Step8:: Search Free Ebooks: Google will easily show you all those ebooks that are hanging out there for free! Want some ebooks? Try this:

-inurl:htm -inurl:html intitle:"index of"
+("/ebooks"|"/book") +(chm|pdf|zip)

Here were are telling google to look for book or ebook directories… and we have listed several common ebook formats (zip, pdf, chf).
If you would like to look for a particular author or title just tack it to the end of your search.

-inurl:htm -inurl:html intitle:"index of" +
("/ebooks"|"/book") +(chm|pdf|zip) +"o'reilly"

This uses the same idea but attempts to focus on directories that contain O’Reilly stuff, which may give you some potential results.

Special Note: What does all of this mean? The -inurl htm and -inul html is attempting to get rid of regular webpages and show just index pages. Looking for index of in the title is doing the same. Using the pipe ( | ) tells google to look for something OR something else.

So I hope, using these easy steps you can easily find your content on Google. Surely there are other effective ways. Please Comment them out using the comment form. I will update this post taking the relevant and effective comments to make the post more effective.

So what’s the reason behind this?

WWW [short form of World Wide Web] is not really a useful thing on internet. It work like a subdomain, where all your documents, HTML and other files reside which will be publicly viewable. This is what Wikipedia says about it..

The letters “www” are commonly found at the beginning of Web addresses because of the long-standing practice of naming Internet hosts (servers) according to the services they provide. So for example, the host name for a Web server is often “www”; for an FTP server, “ftp”; and for a USENET news server, “news” or “nntp” (after the news protocol NNTP). These host names appear as DNS subdomain names, as in “www.example.com”.

As a matter of fact, use of the www subdomain is redundant and time consuming to communicate. The internet, media, and society are all better off without it.

So the current web administrators are practicing the no www thing. But as people are used to use the www, so they keep the both settings in their server. Some of the admins redirect all the traffic to www.example-domain.com like Google do when some of them redirect every thing to example-domain.com. I will go with the later one, it should be the standard. Even Google crawlers like the no-www address.

So if you want to make your default address example-domain.com and want to redirect www.example-domain.com to example-domain.com, so that you can catch everyone’s traffic when they hit on your site, just open .htaccess file in your root directory [assuming you are using apache httpd] and write following lines.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L]

There is an organisation named No-www.org working on making internet www free Check them.

To validate your domain if it supports no-www, please use this link : http://no-www.org/verify.php.

• More secured
• More personal
• Easier to use
• Improved performance

Read the full list of features here. Download it from FTP or HTTP mirror, or directly from here.

• After downlaoding an ISO from any source, you must validate the SH1SUM or MD5SUM which one is required in your case to verify the security and integrity of your ISO.
• You can manually mount the ISO image to check its content when you are in Linux using the code

  su -c 'mount -o loop -t iso9660 <isofilename> <mountpoint>

• You can use VMware Player to boot your ISO image, even you can install it as a virtual OS in Linux. With this free software, you can not only verify the image but you can also test the installation without changing your current installation of Linux. Download it from here.

Some useful links about the topic:

• http://fedoraproject.org/en/verify
• http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-ubuntu-linux-from-usb-stick.html
• http://en.opensuse.org/Download_Help