The easiest way to password-protect a site is to use HTTP Authentication, where if a browser’s request for a protected page is not accompanied by the correct username and password, the Web server replies with an HTTP 401 error – which means “Unauthorized Access” – and an invitation for the browser to re-submit the request with a proper username and password. From the user’s point of view, most of this dialogue is hidden. Following that first failed request, the browser prompts the user (in a dialog box) for a username and password, and then re-submits the request, this time with the authentication information attached. Assuming the username/password combo is on the list of allowed users, the Web server then sends the page requested. The Web browser will likewise continue to send that username/password with all subsequent requests.

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